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European battery start-ups are jostling to meet demand as electric vehicle take-up accelerates. France’s Verkor is the latest to raise money. It secured more than €2bn this week for its first plant, in northern France.
随着电动汽车的加速普及，欧洲电池初创企业正在竞相满足需求。法国的Verkor是最新一家融资企业。本周，该公司在法国北部的首家工厂获得了逾20亿欧元的融资。
In theory, new plants promised by domestic and international companies could quickly amount to overcapacity.
从理论上讲，欧洲企业和国际企业承诺新建的工厂可能很快就会导致产能过剩。
Ten battery cell plants in production in Europe have a combined capacity of 166.5 gigawatt hours, says Benchmark Mineral Intelligence. A further 26 are planned by the end of the decade. If all materialise, total capacity would increase to 1,227 GWh.
基准矿物情报公司(Benchmark Mineral Intelligence)表示，欧洲正在生产的10家电池工厂的总产能为166.5吉瓦。到本十年末，计划再建26座。如果全部实现，总产能将增加到1227吉瓦。
However, actual production will be much lower, at an estimated 729 GWh. Production can take several years to ramp up. Demand in 2030 is forecast at 1,004 GWh. It is possible too that some start-ups will drop out. The US Inflation Reduction Act’s subsidies may lure other projects stateside.
然而，实际产能要低得多，估计为729吉瓦。产能可能需要几年时间才能上升。2030年的需求预计为1004吉瓦。一些初创企业也有可能退出。美国《降低通胀法》(Inflation Reduction Act)的补贴可能会吸引其他项目到美国来。
This means there is no reason for European players to decelerate. The market is dominated by Asian players such as South Korea’s LG Energy Solution and Chinese group CATL. They too have plants in Europe, including in Poland and Germany.
这意味着欧洲企业没有理由减速。韩国LG新能源(LG Energy Solution)和中国宁德时代(CATL)等亚洲企业在这个市场占据主导地位。他们在欧洲也有工厂，包括波兰和德国。
About half of battery cells used in Europe last year were produced domestically. Imports from China and South Korea covered the balance, says campaign group Transport & Environment.
去年欧洲使用的电池约有一半是欧洲生产的。活动组织Transport & Environment表示，其余从中国和韩国进口。
Raising import tariffs on battery cells would help domestic suppliers. But it risks further tensions with China. Beijing has already hit out at the EU’s anti-subsidy probe into China’s car industry.
提高电池的进口关税将有助于欧洲供应商。但此举也可能加剧与中国的紧张关系。北京方面已经对欧盟针对中国汽车行业的反补贴调查进行了猛烈抨击。
A less fraught option would be for EU carmakers to use their clout to secure vital raw materials for use by their suppliers. Some are already doing this. Europe’s battery makers have a good shot at keeping pace with Asian rivals.
一个不那么令人担忧的选择是，欧盟汽车制造商可以利用自己的影响力，为其供应商获取关键原材料。一些公司已经在这么做了。欧洲电池制造商有机会赶上亚洲竞争对手的步伐。